309 research outputs found
SEGUE: A Spectroscopic Survey of 240,000 Stars with g = 14-20
The Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) Survey obtained ≈240,000 moderateresolution (R ~ 1800) spectra from 3900 Å to 9000 Å of fainter Milky Way stars (14.0 < g < 20.3) of a wide
variety of spectral types, both main-sequence and evolved objects, with the goal of studying the kinematics and
populations of our Galaxy and its halo. The spectra are clustered in 212 regions spaced over three quarters of the
sky. Radial velocity accuracies for stars are σ(RV) ~ 4 km s^(−1) at g < 18, degrading to σ(RV) ~ 15 km s^(−1)
at g ~ 20. For stars with signal-to-noise ratio >10 per resolution element, stellar atmospheric parameters are estimated, including metallicity, surface gravity, and effective temperature. SEGUE obtained 3500 deg^2 of additional
ugriz imaging (primarily at low Galactic latitudes) providing precise multicolor photometry (σ(g, r, i) ~ 2%),
(σ(u, z) ~ 3%) and astrometry (≈0".1) for spectroscopic target selection. The stellar spectra, imaging data, and
derived parameter catalogs for this survey are publicly available as part of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7
Milky Way Tomography with K and M Dwarf Stars: the Vertical Structure of the Galactic Disk
We use the number density distributions of K and M dwarf stars with vertical
height from the Galactic disk, determined using observations from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey, to probe the structure of the Milky Way disk across the
survey's footprint. Using photometric parallax as a distance estimator we
analyze a sample of several million disk stars in matching footprints above and
below the Galactic plane, and we determine the location and extent of vertical
asymmetries in the number counts in a variety of thin- and thick-disk
subsamples in regions of some 200 square degrees within 2 kpc in vertical
distance from the Galactic disk. These disk asymmetries present wave-like
features as previously observed on other scales and at other distances from the
Sun. We additionally explore the scale height of the disk and the implied
offset of the Sun from the Galactic plane at different locations, noting that
the scale height of the disk can differ significantly when measured using stars
only above or only below the plane. Moreover, we compare the shape of the
number density distribution in the north for different latitude ranges with a
fixed range in longitude and find the shape to be sensitive to the selected
latitude window. We explain why this may be indicative of a change in stellar
populations in the latitude regions compared, possibly allowing access to the
systematic metallicity difference between thin- and thick-disk populations
through photometry.Comment: 41 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ; published
version [oversight in Fig. 12 fixed
The Milky Way's stellar halo - lumpy or triaxial?
We present minimum chi-squared fits of power law and Hernquist density
profiles to F-turnoff stars in eight 2.5 deg wide stripes of SDSS data: five in
the North Galactic Cap and three in the South Galactic cap. Portions of the
stellar Galactic halo that are known to contain large streams of tidal debris
or other lumpy structure, or that may include significant contamination from
the thick disk, are avoided. The data strongly favor a model that is not
symmetric about the Galaxy's axis of rotation. If included as a free parameter,
the best fit to the center of the spheroid is surprisingly approx 3 kpc from
the Galactic center in the direction of the Sun's motion. The model fits favor
a low value of the density of halo stars at the solar position. The alternative
to a non-axisymmetric stellar distribution is that our fits are contaminated by
previously unidentified lumpy substructure.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figs, to appear in proceedings of conference "Physics at
the end of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum", Journal of Physics: Conf.
series, eds. G. Thomson and P. Sokolsk
The Orbit of the Orphan Stream
We use recent SEGUE spectroscopy and SDSS and SEGUE imaging data to measure
the sky position, distance, and radial velocities of stars in the tidal debris
stream that is commonly referred to as the "Orphan Stream." We fit orbital
parameters to the data, and find a prograde orbit with an apogalacticon,
perigalacticon, and eccentricity of 90 kpc, 16.4 kpc and 0.7, respectively.
Neither the dwarf galaxy UMa II nor the Complex A gas cloud have velocities
consistent with a kinematic association with the Orphan Stream. It is possible
that Segue-1 is associated with the Orphan Stream, but no other known Galactic
clusters or dwarf galaxies in the Milky Way lie along its orbit. The detected
portion of the stream ranges from 19 to 47 kpc from the Sun and is an indicator
of the mass interior to these distances. There is a marked increase in the
density of Orphan Stream stars near (l,b)=(253,49) deg., which could indicate
the presence of the progenitor at the edge of the SDSS data. If this is the
progenitor, then the detected portion of the Orphan Stream is a leading tidal
tail. We find blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars and F turnoff stars associated
with the Orphan Stream. The turnoff color is (g-r)_0=0.22. The BHB stars have a
low metallicity of [Fe/H]=-2.1. The orbit is best fit to a halo potential with
a halo plus disk mass of about 2.6x10^11 Solar masses, integrated to 60 kpc
from the Galactic center. Our best fit is found with a logarithmic halo speed
of v_halo=73+/-24 km/s, a disk+bulge mass of M(R< 60 kpc) = 1.3x10^11 Solar
masses, and a halo mass of M(R< 60 kpc) = 1.4x10^11 Solar masses. The Orphan
Stream is projected to extend to 90 kpc from the Galactic center, and
measurements of these distant parts of the stream would be a powerful probe of
the mass of the Milky Way (truncated).Comment: 17 Figures, ApJ accepte
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